I am trying to put together a liturgy for next Monday to launch the Lenten campaign against violence against women that YWCA, WSCF and WCC have put together. I think it will be called Bread not Stone, but liturgy evolves in the writing so we'll see. Fulata Mbano Moyo who runs the WCC's women's programme will preach. Recently at our feminist theology group Fulata gave a fascinating contextual Bible study on Ruth as a trafficked woman. I thought of this again when reading Kurk Gayle's superb recent post on Rape and Ruth: the woman and the text over on Aristotle's Feminist Subject. I began to wonder just how much more violence against women is lost in translation ... and how you can do anything about that liturgically ...
Kurk than you once again for your scholarship.
Here's an extract from Kurk, full post here:
The normative portrayal of marriage in Ruth is a particular problem for English readers because it masks sexual and domestic violence in a text that has been canonized as scripture for Jews and Christians. There are at least three indicators that Ruth was abducted into marriage: (1) the use of the verb ns', "lift," with "woman," instead of the standard lach, "take (as wife)," (2) the long-standing Israelite practice of abduction or rape-marriage, and (3) the preferential abduction of foreign women for rape-marriage.
The verb in Ruth 1:4, vayis'u, from ns', "to lift" or "pick up," may be taken to indicate that Ruth and Orpah, both Moabite women, were abducted into marriage. I translate the first three works of Ruth 1:4, "They-abducted for-themselves Moabite-women. . . . " The verb ns' occurs 661 times in the MT. The primary meaning of ns', according to The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), is "to carry" or "to lift." In virtually every translation of ns' in which the object is not a person, the verb is rendered with some form of "lift," "carry," "take," or something similar. Any thing or person may be the object of ns': the hand (Deut. 32:20), prayer (Jer. 7:13), or sin may be lifted off of a person or community (Isa. 53:11), and so forth. In Ruth ns' is also used to indicate lifting grain in 2:18. Women are the object of ns' five times: Judges 21:23; Ruth 1:4; Ezra 10:44; 2 Chr. 13:21 and 24:3. Note that in Judges, the context is the abduction of sexually naive girls from Shiloh into forced or rape-marriages for the purpose of progeny. The verb chtph in Judges 21:21, "to catch" (women), functions as a synonym. In Ezra, the women in question are specified as foreign. In 2 Chr. 13:21, Abijah's collection of women and the resulting offspring is cited as evidence of his strength in the previous verse, suggesting that these were abduction-marriages....
2 Comments:
This is very interesting. I wonder what Fulata makes of Joseph Zuma or John Terry. The usual man sprays seeds about without much heed just to prove he can - and very much a part of both our celebratory culture (Terry) and the man as head thing (Zuma). Few words from the women in either situation. And again it's not just translation it is lost in - some (perhaps the majority of women) never gets spoken of at all. It is important that we testify to silence as well - it is not a waste of time - for some women it is all they have and yet so often it is judged.
Jane - thank you for posting the excerpt from Wil Gafney's scholarship. It's an excerpt from the section "Marriage," in her chapter on "Ruth" in The Africana Bible: Reading Israel's Scriptures from Africa and the African Diaspora.
Janet - there is such silence, isn't there. And yet I'm glad that Jane Stranz has got more of us listening to Fulata Mbano Moyo (as per the post she links to). And Carlyn Custis James here in the USA has published some on Ruth, and the possibility of her being abducted. James listens to men's voices on that as well, quoting novelist Arthur Golden. And poet John Keats has suggested Ruth was abducted, while linguist David Ker in Africa speaks out against similar horrors also. Compared to the negligence, these few voices just whisper, and there is otherwise silence.
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